Imamat 1:4

1:4 He must lay his hand on the head of the burnt offering, and it will be accepted for him to make atonement ¹  on his behalf.

Imamat 8:19

8:19 and he slaughtered it. ²  Moses then splashed the blood against the altar’s sides.

Imamat 11:2

11:2 “Tell the Israelites: ‘This is the kind of creature you may eat from among all the animals ³  that are on the land.

Imamat 11:24

Carcass Uncleanness

11:24 “‘By these ⁴  you defile yourselves; anyone who touches their carcass will be unclean until the evening,

Imamat 14:5

14:5 The priest will then command that one bird be slaughtered ⁵  into a clay vessel over fresh water. ⁶ 

Imamat 14:50

14:50 and he is to slaughter one bird into a clay vessel over fresh water. ⁷ 

Imamat 17:9

17:9 but does not bring it to the entrance of the Meeting Tent to offer it ⁸  to the Lord – that person will be cut off from his people. ⁹ 

Imamat 18:2

18:2 “Speak to the Israelites and tell them, ‘I am the Lord your God!

Imamat 19:24

19:24 In the fourth year all its fruit will be holy, praise offerings ¹⁰  to the Lord.

Imamat 20:8

20:8 You must be sure to obey my statutes. ¹¹  I am the Lord who sanctifies you.

Imamat 21:24

21:24 So ¹²  Moses spoke these things ¹³  to Aaron, his sons, and all the Israelites.

Imamat 25:24

25:24 In all your landed property ¹⁴  you must provide for the right of redemption of the land. ¹⁵ 

Imamat 25:39

25:39 “‘If your brother becomes impoverished with regard to you so that he sells himself to you, you must not subject him to slave service. ¹⁶ 

[1:4]  ¹ tn “To make atonement” is the standard translation of the Hebrew term כִּפֶּר, (kipper); cf. however TEV “as a sacrifice to take away his sins” (CEV similar). The English word derives from a combination of “at” plus Middle English “one[ment],” referring primarily to reconciliation or reparation that is made in order to accomplish reconciliation. The primary meaning of the Hebrew verb, however, is “to wipe [something off (or on)]” (see esp. the goal of the sin offering, Lev 4, “to purge” the tabernacle from impurities), but in some cases it refers metaphorically to “wiping away” anything that might stand in the way of good relations by bringing a gift (see, e.g., Gen 32:20 [21 HT], “to appease; to pacify” as an illustration of this). The translation “make atonement” has been retained here because, ultimately, the goal of either purging or appeasing was to maintain a proper relationship between the Lord (who dwelt in the tabernacle) and Israelites in whose midst the tabernacle was pitched (see R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 2:689-710 for a full discussion of the Hebrew word meaning “to make atonement” and its theological significance).

[8:19]  ² tn Aaron probably did the slaughtering (cf. the notes on Lev 8:15-16 above).

[11:2]  ³ tn Heb “the animal,” but as a collective plural, and so throughout this chapter.

[11:24]  ⁴ tn Heb “and to these.”

[14:5]  ⁵ tn Heb “And the priest shall command and he shall slaughter.” See the note on “be taken up” (v. 4).

[14:5]  ⁶ tn Heb “into a vessel of clay over living water.” The expression “living [i.e., ‘fresh’] water” (cf. Lev 14:50; 15:13; Num 19:17) refers to water that flows. It includes such water sources as artesian wells (Gen 26:19; Song of Songs 4:15), springs (Jer 2:13, as opposed to cisterns; cf. 17:13), and flowing streams (Zech 14:8). In other words, this is water that has not stood stagnant as, for example, in a sealed-off cistern.

[14:5]  sn Although there are those who argue that the water and the blood rites are separate (e.g., E. S. Gerstenberger, Leviticus [OTL], 175-76), it is usually agreed that v. 5b refers to the slaughtering of the bird in such a way that its blood runs into the bowl, which contained fresh water (see, e.g., N. H. Snaith, Leviticus and Numbers [NCBC], 74; G. J. Wenham, Leviticus [NICOT], 208; J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:836-38; cf. esp. Lev 14:51b, “and dip them in the blood of the slaughtered bird and in the fresh water”). This mixture of blood and water was then to be sprinkled on the person being cleansed from the disease.

[14:50]  ⁷ tn See the note on v. 5 above.

[17:9]  ⁸ tn Heb “to make it,” meaning “to make the sacrifice.”

[17:9]  ⁹ tn For remarks on the “cut off” penalty see the note on v. 4 above.

[19:24]  ¹⁰ tn See B. A. Levine, Leviticus (JPSTC), 132, where the translation reads “set aside for jubilation”; a special celebration before the Lord.

[20:8]  ¹¹ tn Heb “And you shall keep my statutes and you shall do them.” This appears to be a kind of verbal hendiadys, where the first verb is a modifier of the action of the second verb (see GKC 386 §120.d, although שָׁמַר [shamar, “to keep”] is not cited there; cf. Lev 22:31, etc.).

[21:24]  ¹² tn Heb “And.” The Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) introduces a concluding statement for all the preceding material.

[21:24]  ¹³ tn The words “these things” are not in the Hebrew text, but have been supplied in the translation for clarity.

[25:24]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “And in all the land of your property.”

[25:24]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “right of redemption you shall give to the land”; NAB “you must permit the land to be redeemed.”

[25:39]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “you shall not serve against him service of a slave.” A distinction is being made here between the status of slave and indentured servant.